{"page":"/blog/ad-fraud-detection-tools","modified":"2026-11-10","license":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","columns":["Type","What happens","MRC class","Real example","What usually catches it"],"rows":[["Known bots and data-center traffic","Servers and crawlers load ads","GIVT","Search and monitoring crawlers (MRC, 2020)","Bot lists and data-center IP lists"],["Hijacked devices and residential proxies","Malware turns real devices into bots or traffic relays","SIVT","BADBOX 2.0, a botnet of compromised streaming boxes and other devices (FBI, 5 June 2025)","Behaviour analysis, device and proxy signals"],["Domain and app spoofing","A seller claims to be a premium site or app it is not","SIVT","Misrepresented domains and app IDs (MRC, 2020)","ads.txt, app-ads.txt, sellers.json and the SupplyChain object"],["Hidden and stacked ads","Ads are layered, shrunk or made invisible","SIVT","Z-order stacking and pixel stuffing (MRC, 2020)","Post-bid measurement tags"],["Click fraud and incentivised activity","Bots or paid people click ads","SIVT","Click farms (MRC, 2020)","Click-pattern analysis, click-fraud tools"],["CTV and SSAI spoofing","Fake servers claim to be TVs playing ads","SIVT","CycloneBot (DoubleVerify, Feb 2024)","Device watermarks, bundle ID checks, server-to-server verification"],["Made-for-advertising sites","Real readers, but cluttered pages built to resell traffic","Not IVT: a quality issue","Mobile web display held 71.9% of MFA impressions in IAS data (IAS, 9 July 2026)","Inclusion lists, curation, MFA classifiers"]],"sourceUrls":[["https://mediaratingcouncil.org/sites/default/files/Standards/IVT%20Addendum%20Update%20062520.pdf"],["https://www.ic3.gov/PSA/2025/PSA250605"],["https://mediaratingcouncil.org/sites/default/files/Standards/IVT%20Addendum%20Update%20062520.pdf"],["https://mediaratingcouncil.org/sites/default/files/Standards/IVT%20Addendum%20Update%20062520.pdf"],["https://mediaratingcouncil.org/sites/default/files/Standards/IVT%20Addendum%20Update%20062520.pdf"],["https://doubleverify.com/newsroom/doubleverify-unmasks-ctv-ad-fraud-scheme-cyclonebot/"],["https://integralads.com/news/ias-21st-media-quality-report/"]]}