{"page":"/blog/data-residency-requirements-by-country","modified":"2026-11-10","license":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","columns":["Term","The question it answers","Where it comes from","Advertising example"],"rows":[["Data residency","Where are the bytes stored and processed?","A contract, a cloud region choice, or a law that sets transfer conditions","A publisher keeps bid logs in an EU region"],["Data localization","Does the law require the data, or a copy, to stay in the country?","Specific statutes, such as Russia's Article 18(5) or India's RBI directive","A Russian site records users' data first in a database inside Russia"],["Data sovereignty","Whose law and whose people can reach the data, wherever it sits?","Who owns and operates the provider, and which foreign laws reach it","An EU retailer runs its clean room with an EU-owned operator and its own keys"]],"sourceUrls":[[],[],[]]}